What does the term 'Controlling' refer to in management?

The term 'Controlling' in management is primarily concerned with monitoring performance to ensure that organizational goals and objectives are being met. This encompasses various tasks such as assessing actual performance, comparing it to established standards or targets, and making adjustments as necessary to align outcomes with strategic goals. The controlling function helps managers identify any discrepancies and take corrective actions, ensuring that resources are used effectively and that the organization stays on track toward its objectives.

In the context of the other options, while ensuring financial compliance can be a part of overall management, it does not capture the broader scope of performance monitoring that 'Controlling' entails. Creating marketing strategies focuses more on planning and executing market-related objectives rather than monitoring performance. Similarly, developing new technologies is an innovative function that sits outside the controlling sphere, which is primarily about overseeing and regulating ongoing activities and performance metrics. Thus, monitoring performance to meet objectives is the most fitting interpretation of 'Controlling' in management.