What is root-cause analysis primarily used for?

Root-cause analysis is primarily used for identifying the underlying cause of a variance or defect. This method involves systematic investigation to determine the fundamental issues that contribute to a problem or failure within a process. By focusing on the root cause, organizations can develop effective corrective measures that prevent recurrence, rather than merely addressing the symptoms of the issue.

In a laboratory management context, understanding the root causes of variances, such as discrepancies in test results or breakdowns in quality control, is essential for improving processes and maintaining high standards of operation. Identifying these root causes requires a thorough examination of workflows, equipment reliability, and personnel factors, enabling laboratory managers to implement targeted interventions that enhance overall efficiency and accuracy.

The other options, while related to laboratory operations, do not capture the primary purpose of root-cause analysis. Documenting laboratory procedures focuses on standardizing operations and ensuring compliance, evaluating employee performance is related to workforce management and development, and designing laboratory information systems involves creating tools for data management rather than addressing underlying issues related to defects or variances.